80 research outputs found
Classification dâapprenants francophones de lâanglais sur la base des meÌtriques de complexiteÌ lexicale et syntaxique
International audienceThis paper assesses spontaneous oral monologues in the ANGLISH corpus (Tortel 2009). Twenty oral transcriptions of NS English are compared with forty French-L1 transcriptions of NNS English of intermediate and advanced levels. Syntactic and complexity metrics (Lu 2014) and Vocabulary Growth Curves (Evert & Baroni 2008, Baayen 2008) are used to classify speakers. We analyse how significant these written-based metrics are in the classification of speakers for their oral production.Cette contribution examine les monologues en oral spontaneÌ du corpus ANGLISH (Tortel 2009). Les productions orales de vingt locuteurs natifs sont compareÌes aux monologues produits par les quarante locuteurs francophones de niveau intermeÌdiaire et avanceÌ. Les meÌtriques de complexiteÌ syntaxique et lexicale impleÌmenteÌes dans des analyseurs (Lu 2014) sont utiliseÌes pour essayer de classer les locuteurs. Enfin, aÌ partir des courbes de croissance du vocabulaire et des modeÌles LNRE (Baayen 2008), on cherche aÌ eÌvaluer la pertinence de ces meÌtriques de lâeÌcrit pour la classification des locuteurs en fonction de leur production orale
Les écoles françaises de linguistique anglaise (1967-1992)
This study aims at defining the specificity and unity of theoretical approaches dedicated to the linguistic study of English developed in France in the last thirty years. It encompasses psychomecanics, as elaborated by Gustave Guillaume and AndreÌ Joly, Antoine Culioli's enunciative model and Henri Adamczewski's metaoperational model. Those utterer-centered approaches rely on the concept of operation, which is the main concept analysed here. Those models belong to the same paradigm defined as the search for invariants modelised in terms of operation. After an epistemological introduction and a historical perspective, each theoretical model is presented, with a special emphasis on their central concepts. Afterwards, lexicology somehow accounts for the ambiguity of "operation" and "eÌnonciation", which offers an introduction to the questionable concept of "eÌnonciation" as opposed to its possible translations into English (utterance). The last part deals with the traces allegedly left by the enunciative operations in the uttering process. They have different morphological statuses and fall into several types of more or less materialistic representation. Those different conceptions can account for the conflict between "operators" and "markers", two names given to those traces.Aux frontieÌres de l'eÌpisteÌmologie (qu'est-ce qu'une eÌcole, une theÌorie, un paradigme?), de l'histoire de la linguistique (1967-1992) et de la philosophie (approche posant la question du concept, de la cateÌgorie et des rapports langage/meÌtalangage). Ce travail interroge les pratiques, l'objet (le "fait" de langue, la langue anglaise) et surtout les moyens (les concepts eÌnonciatifs, en particulier l'opeÌration, l'opeÌrateur) utiliseÌs par de nombreux linguistes français pour deÌcrire la grammaire anglaise et, au-delaÌ, le linguistique. L'importance du champ couvert justifie l'heÌteÌrogeÌneÌiteÌ du corpus (ouvrages theÌoriques, articles, manuels linguistiques, grammaires) et l'attention porteÌe aux concepts. Cette eÌtude s'articule en cinq grands chapitres. Le premier met en place les outils: l'eÌpisteÌmologie, les concepts utilises par la suite. Le deuxieÌme chapitre trace la geÌneÌalogie du paradigme eÌnonciatif ainsi formuleÌ : "recherche d'invariants dans le lineÌaire modeÌliseÌs sous forme dâopeÌrations aÌ partir des traces laisseÌes dans l'eÌnonceÌ", eÌtudiant la circulation des principaux concepts eÌnonciatifs. Le troisieÌme chapitre expose la theÌorie en vigueur dans chaque eÌcole, en eÌclairant la coheÌrence du dispositif aÌ partir de la question du scheÌme opeÌratif, neÌgociation theÌorique du rapport entre eÌnonceÌ et opeÌrations. Le quatrieÌme chapitre est une analyse de type lexicologique des concepts (en particulier "eÌnonciation" et "opeÌration") et porte essentiellement sur les suffixes de nominalisation, et sur leurs rapports aÌ la forme verbale dont ils sont deÌriveÌs. Le dernier chapitre met en perspective le paradigme eÌnonciativiste, en interrogeant le concept de trace d'opeÌration, pris entre "marqueur" et "operateur". Ceci replace ces eÌcoles linguistiques de l'eÌnonciation dans les probleÌmatiques de la linguistique geÌneÌrale contemporaine, notamment pour ce qui est de l'analyse de la cateÌgorie
Quelques problĂšmes mĂ©talinguistiques en phonologie de lâanglais
En phonologie, lâactivitĂ© mĂ©talinguistique est indissociable des niveaux de reprĂ©sentations. A partir de quelques problĂšmes concrets, on envisage les questions thĂ©oriques propres au rapport entre lâobjet langue envisagĂ© sous sa matĂ©rialitĂ© sonore et les discours construits pour en rendre compte au niveau segmental. On montre ainsi que lâactivitĂ© de reprĂ©sentation passe par une dĂ©construction des reprĂ©sentations existantes, y compris les plus fondatrices (ce quâest une consonne, une voyelle ou une syllabe). La transcription, par le recours Ă des symboles phonĂ©tiques qui sont des systĂšmes sĂ©miotiques dont lâinventaire et la syntaxe diffĂšrent de lâalphabet romain, induit des interfĂ©rences sĂ©miotiques qui sont examinĂ©es. Cette contribution insiste sur la dimension scripturale de la mĂ©talangue en phonologie et sur son caractĂšre "stĂ©nographique" (Milner).This paper questions some of the possible transcriptions of English including the Kiel reform of the IPA. It is argued that the graphical (ie spelling), phonetic and phonological transcriptions encapsulate a metalinguistic representation of the segmental level. Based on the analysis of some of the problems encountered by (French) EFL learners with transcription, this paper addresses some of the metalinguistic issues at stake in the very act of transcription. Some of the semiotic consequences of the use and syntax of phonetic symbols in transcriptions are assessed, hinting at a potential underlying phonological representation of English based on spelling for literate EFL learners
Praxis métalinguistiques et ontologie des catégories
Recul épistémologique quant aux différents champs abordés et problématisation "méta-" en termes d'outils, de corpus et de conventions notationnelles, à partir des objets linguistiques que j'avais pu travailler, notamment la complétive nominale
ModĂ©lisation de lâintonation interlangue: le cas des questions
International audienceIn this paper, we study the intonational patterns observed in learnersâ productions in order to evaluate what motivates the deviations observed: systemic differences between the learnersâ L1 and the L2, differences in phonetic implementation, etc. The analysis consists of a cross-comparison of the intonation of yes-no questions in French, English and English as an L2. It is based on five information-seeking yes no questions that were extracted from the AixOx corpus, which contains a set of 40 texts that were read by 10 native French speakers, 10 Native English speakers and 20 French learners of English. The analysis of the data showed that the differences between native and non-native speakers do not affect the form of the nuclear contour. It mostly shows that French speakers of English have a tendency to assign a rising pitch movement at the end of prosodic words, which leads to a clear difference in rhythm.Cet article propose dâĂ©tudier les patrons prosodiques observĂ©s dans la production dâapprenants afin dâĂ©valuer ce qui contraint les dĂ©viances : des diffĂ©rences systĂ©miques entre la L1 des apprenants et la L2, des diffĂ©rences dâimplĂ©mentation phonĂ©tique, etc. Lâanalyse consiste en une Ă©tude croisĂ©e de lâintonation des questions polaires en français, en anglais et en anglais L2. Cinq questions polaires ont Ă©tĂ© extraites du corpus AixOx, ensemble de 40 textes qui ont Ă©tĂ© lus par 10 locuteurs natifs de français, 10 locuteurs natifs dâanglais et 20 apprenants francophones dâanglais (10 de niveau indĂ©pendant et 10 de niveau expĂ©rimentĂ©). Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es montre que les diffĂ©rences entre natifs et non natifs nâaffectent pas la forme du contour nuclĂ©aire, mais que les apprenants francophones dâanglais tendent Ă assigner un mouvement montant Ă la fin des mots prosodiques, ce qui engendre une claire diffĂ©rence de rythme
The treatment of syllables and syllable boundaries in Thomas Sheridan's English pronouncing dictionary of 1780
International audienceThis paper examines the conceptualization of the syllable and the principles adopted for syllabification in Thomas Sheridanâs General Dictionary of the English Language (1780). The analysis will be partly based on the remarks in the preface of the work, regarding the definition of the basic units of speech and the placement of stress as well as syllable division. For the most part, however, because Sheridan is not explicit about his reasoning on this topic, we must rely on a statistical analysis of the respellings given in the main body of the dictionary: to this end, we have been engaged in the digitization of Sheridan's dictionary (which should be completed in mid-2013; a significant portion will be available for investigation before then). The aim is to identify patterns, allowing us to gauge the lexicographer's tendencies and preferences, and to some extent, reconstruct a theoretical model to predict his assignment of syllable boundaries.We will contextualize Sheridan's work, and seek to determine where he stands with respect to eighteenth-century orthoepist prescriptivism (Beal 1999, Beal 2004a, Beal 2004b, Beal 2009, Beal 2010, Hickey 2009), and graphocentrism (Chandler 2002); we will also confront Sheridan's choices with some of the contemporary controversies surrounding syllable division in English (among others, Wells 1990, Duchet 1993, Laks 1995), and compare them with the syllabifications given in two contemporary pronouncing dictionaries, the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (Wells 2008) and the English Pronouncing Dictionary (Jones et al. 2006) in order to establish not so much potential similarities as theoretical viability. Another essential point of comparison will be John Walker's Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of 1791; Sheridan had great influence on Walker, and they share similar personal histories : it is only natural to compare their levels of abstraction and syllabification strategies
Approches quantitatives de l'analyse des pr{\'e}dictions en traduction automatique neuronale (TAN)
As part of a larger project on optimal learning conditions in neural machine
translation, we investigate characteristic training phases of translation
engines. All our experiments are carried out using OpenNMT-Py: the
pre-processing step is implemented using the Europarl training corpus and the
INTERSECT corpus is used for validation. Longitudinal analyses of training
phases suggest that the progression of translations is not always linear.
Following the results of textometric explorations, we identify the importance
of the phenomena related to chronological progression, in order to map
different processes at work in neural machine translation (NMT).Comment: in French. JADT 2020 : 15{\`e}mes Journ{\'e}es Internationales
d'Analyse statistique des Donn{\'e}es Textuelles, Universit{\'e} de Toulouse,
Jun 2020, Toulouse, Franc
Du dictionnaire lexico-phonĂ©tisĂ© aux corpus oraux, quelques problĂšmes Ă©pistĂ©mologiques pour lâĂ©cole de Guierre
This paper discusses some of the theoretical issues attending the on-going changes in English phonology as analysed in France over the last fifty years, from a corpus-driven investigation of stress patterns and vowel realisations in pronouncing dictionaries to a corpus-based investigation of variants in phonetic corpora. Section 1 presents the research agenda set out by Lionel Guierre and pursued by other French phonologists that he inspired. Section 2 discusses the kind of data analysed, from dictionaries to spoken corpora. Section 3 exemplifies three issues of this âparadigm shiftâ : tokenization of phonetic forms, LNRE distributions and conditional probabilities of occurrences of spoken phenomena.Cette contribution examine le changement Ă lâoeuvre dans une partie de la recherche des phonologues formĂ©s dans le cadre de lâĂ©cole de Guierre et se propose de revenir sur cinquante ans de cette tradition dâanalyse du placement accentuel de lâanglais, en exposant le dĂ©placement de certaines problĂ©matiques, dâun questionnement de lâinstitutionnalisation de la variation Ă partir de sa consignation dans les dictionnaires de prononciation Ă son exploration dans les corpus oraux.Ballier Nicolas. Du dictionnaire lexico-phonĂ©tisĂ© aux corpus oraux, quelques problĂšmes Ă©pistĂ©mologiques pour lâĂ©cole de Guierre. In: Histoire ĂpistĂ©mologie Langage, tome 38, fascicule 2, 2016. Constitution de corpus linguistiques et pĂ©rennisation des donnĂ©es. pp. 23-40
Quelques problĂšmes mĂ©talinguistiques en phonologie de lâanglais
This paper questions some of the possible transcriptions of English including the Kiel reform of the IPA. It is argued that the graphical (ie spelling), phonetic and phonological transcriptions encapsulate a metalinguistic representation of the segmental level. Based on the analysis of some of the problems encountered by (French) EFL learners with transcription, this paper addresses some of the metalinguistic issues at stake in the very act of transcription. Some of the semiotic consequences of the use and syntax of phonetic symbols in transcriptions are assessed, hinting at a potential underlying phonological representation of English based on spelling for literate EFL learners
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